What Does Using Ethylene Oxide On Plastics And Delicate Instruments Accomplish: Disinfection Or Sterilization

What Does Using Ethylene Oxide on Plastics and Delicate Instruments Accomplish: Disinfection or Sterilization?

Ethylene oxide (EtO) is widely recognized as a low-temperature sterilant. This colorless gas, which is flammable and potentially explosive, becomes liquid at temperatures below 11ºC. EtO serves as an effective sterilizing agent for heat- and moisture-sensitive materials commonly found in hospitals, industries, and laboratories. It is particularly noteworthy for its ability to destroy bacterial spores, which typically show little resistance to this agent.

One of the key advantages of using EtO is that it operates effectively at relatively low temperatures without damaging the materials it contacts. This makes it especially suitable for sterilizing delicate instruments and plastics. Additionally, EtO possesses high penetrating power, allowing it to permeate and sterilize large packages, bundles of cloth, and various types of plastics. Historically, there have been practices where operating rooms were filled with EtO after procedures to achieve sterilization.

The mechanism of action involves alkylation reactions with organic compounds, such as enzymes, leading to the inactivation of critical proteins, including those containing sulfhydryl groups.

Common applications for EtO include sterilizing spices, biological preparations, soil, plastics, certain medical supplies, and contaminated laboratory equipment.

However, there are notable drawbacks to using EtO. Its action on microorganisms can be relatively slow, and the removal process via aeration may take up to 12 hours. Additionally, it is expensive, forms explosive mixtures with air, and is flammable. Importantly, EtO is classified as a known human carcinogen.

In summary, employing ethylene oxide on plastics and delicate instruments primarily accomplishes sterilization rather than mere disinfection, making it a potent tool in maintaining hygiene standards in sensitive environments.